INTRODUCTION
TO WINDOW OS
Some computer devices
explained
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
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It contains various electronic circuits.
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The central processing
unit or (CPU) is the "brain" of your computer. It contains the
electronic circuits that cause the computer to follow instructions from memory.
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The CPU contains three
main parts, all housed in a single package (Chip):
–
Control Unit (CU)
–
Memory
Components of CPU
•
The arithmetic
logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
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The control unit
(CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes
them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
RAM AND ROM
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ROM and a RAM chip. A
ROM chip is non-volatile storage and does not require a constant source of
power to retain information stored on it. When power is lost or turned off, a
ROM chip will keep the information stored on it.
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In contrast, a RAM
chip is volatile and requires a constant source of power to retain information.
When power is lost or turned off, a RAM chip will lose the information stored
on it.
COMPUTER ROM
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COMPUTER RAM
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RAM chips are also
used in computers, as well as other devices, to store information and run
programs on the computer because RAM is one of the fastest memories in your
computer. For example, the Internet browser you are using to read this page has
been loaded into memory and is running from memory. However, as mentioned
earlier, any information stored in the RAM chip is lost if the computer is
turned off or loses power.
•
This is the
television-like screen where the results of a computer's tasks are displayed.
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Monitors come in all
sizes, but most commonly they are either 15 or 17 inches (Measured diagonally
from one corner of the screen to the opposite corner).
KEYBOARD
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The keyboard looks
like a typewriter.
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It contains all the
letters of the alphabet, numbers and some special symbols.
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It operates like a
typewriter keypad, but instead of moving an arm, which strikes the paper, it
sends an electronic impulse to the computer, which displays a character on the
monitor.
MOUSE
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• Its a device that is used to control the computer.
A cable connects the mouse to the computer.
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When the mouse is moved on a pad, called a mouse
pad, the cursor on the screen moves.
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A cursor is a small symbol displayed on the computer
screen (normally a diagonal arrow that
is used as a pointer) that shows you what the mouse is referencing on
the screen.
PRINTER
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A printer is designed
to output information from a computer onto a piece of paper.
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There are three kinds
of printers: dot matrix, laser,
and inkjet.
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A scanner is a device
used to copy an image off paper and convert it into a digital image, which can
be saved as a computer file and stored on a hard drive.
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Scanners can also use
a special kind of technology called Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to read
text from paper and save it as an editable document file
More about Operating System
(OS)
What is Operating System?
ü
OS is system software,
which may be viewed as collection of software consisting of procedures for
operating the computer.
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It provides an
environment for execution of programs (application software).
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It’s an interface
between user & computer.
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Windows is an GUI
based operating system.
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It is also developed
by Microsoft Corporation, which is headed by Mr. Bill Gates.
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Over the years the
Microsoft have evolved various versions of Windows. Win95, Win98, Win2000, Win
ME, Win NT, Win XP, window 2007, window 2007.
ü
It gives user a handy
environment where he doesn’t have to remember and learn the syntaxes of various
commands as is the case in DOS.
ü
The user can just
point and click on the Icons provided to him on the screen.
Window 95
Window 7
Window 8
Files and Directory
FILES
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A file is a collection
of Records.
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It is the smallest
unit of File System (Storage) in a computer.
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Any document created
using computer is a file. This document could either be a letter, any excel
sheet, any image or even a database.
DIRECTORY
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A collection of files
is directory (in DOS) or folder (in Windows)
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It is analogous to the
Office Folder which contains various documents.
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A directory/folder
eases the management of related files/ documents, like the various circulars related to
personnel could be placed in a directory called “personnel” and all the
circulars related to loans could be placed in a directory called “loans”.
FOLDERS AND DOCUMENTS
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Folders are a way to
organize your documents within drives in Windows as are the directories in DOS.
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A document is each
thing that you create on a computer. A
document can be made using any type of software.
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