THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB
What is the
Internet?
•
This allows the
sharing of electronic information and resources.
•
The Internet is
considered the LARGEST telecommunications system ever created.
•
A common set of
rules, known as protocols, allow the transport and viewing of files and
documents found on computers connected to the Internet.
What is the
World Wide Web?
•
The World Wide Web
(or WWW) is one part of the Internet.
The World
Wide Web (WWW)
•
The World Wide Web
is a hypertext-based system.
•
Hypertext allows
users to click on buttons or highlighted text using a mouse to go to other Web
pages containing text, sound, pictures, or video.
•
The World Wide Web
is accessed by the use of a web browser
Important
terminology
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•
Web page or webpage is a document or information resource that is suitable
for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser and displayed
on a monitor or mobile device. This information is usually in HTML or XHTML
format, and may provide navigation to other web pages via hypertext links. Web
pages frequently subsume other resources such as style sheets, scripts and
images into their final presentation.
•
Web pages may be
retrieved from a local computer or from a remote web server. The web server may
restrict access only to a private network, e.g. a corporate intranet, or it may
publish pages on the World Wide Web. Web pages are requested and served from
web servers using Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
•
Web server can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the software
(the computer application) that helps to deliver content that can be accessed
through the Internet
•
The most common use
of web servers is to host web sites but there are other uses such as data
storage or running enterprise applications.
Web Browsers
•
You use the browser
to maneuver through web pages.
Parts of a
Web Browser
Parts of a
Web Browser
•
Title Bar: Lists the
title of the web page that you are viewing. There are three buttons to the
right of the title bar which reduce, maximize, or close the screen.
•
Content Area:
Displays the current web page that is open on the browser.
•
Address Field: Shows
the URL (Web address) of the web page that is currently displayed.
•
Progress Bar:
Indicates how much of the web page has loaded for viewing.
•
Status Message
Field: Tells you the status of the web page. Indicates when the web page is
done and open for viewing.
•
Scroll Bar: This is
used to move up or down on the web page.
Web Browsers
•
A browser “reads”
the WWW pages, which are written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and
converts them into a readable form.
•
To look at an
example of HTML, click the VIEW menu at the top of a browser screen. This
brings down a sub-menu screen. Click on SOURCE.
After viewing, click on X (the close screen button) to close the source
box.
The Library’s
Home Page
This is an example of a World Wide Web (WWW) page.
Web Addresses
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•
Every web page must
have an unique web address to be found on the Internet.
Uniform
Resource Locators (Web Addresses)
•
Your browser uses
the web address (URL) to find information located on another computer and to
retrieve the corresponding page situated on that server.
•
Each part of the URL
directs the browser to the correct web page.
Different
Domains on the WWW
.com - commercial
.net - network
.edu - educational
.org - organization
.gov - government
How to Access
Web Pages
Here are three ways to access a web page:
1.
Type the Uniform
Resource Locator (URL) in the address box.
2.
Click on hypertext
links on a web page.
3.
Use a search tool
such as a keyword search engine or web directory.
How to Access
Web Pages: Type the URL in the Address Box
•
Type the Uniform
Resource Locator (web address) in the browser address box.
•
Click GO (or press
the ENTER button on the keyboard).
•
The web address must
be correct (no misspellings, extra spaces, etc.) to go to the correct web page.
How to Access
Web Pages: Click on Hypertext Links
§
Hypertext links on a
web page lead to other web pages.
§
The links on a web
page are usually highlighted, underlined, or are pictures.
§
When you place the
mouse cursor over a link, the arrow will change into a hand.
§
Click on the link to
go to another web page.
§
Use your BACK button
to return to the original web page.
How to Access
Web Pages: Use a Search Tool
§
Search tools help
you find information on the WWW.
§
No single search
tool finds every web site or web page in existence. Different search tools
search different and overlapping parts of the web.
§
Examples of search
tools include:
Google
AltaVista
Yahoo!
Lycos
Hypertext Documents
Electronic Mail (e-mail)
•
The Internet system works because of SMTP,
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. SMTP is part of the TCP/IP suit of protocols.
•
SMTP is a protocol, or set of rules that
enables electronic mail to move smoothly through the internet. Because of SMTP,
a UNIX machine can send mail to a PC or Macintosh computer and vice versa.
•
Electronic mail has revolutionized the way
people communicate when they cannot talk in person. No longer must people wait
for traditional postal mail delivery. On the internet, if both the sender and
the receiver log on frequently, it is possible to exchange several messages
with someone in a single day.
•
You can communicate with anyone in the
world who has an internet address or email account with a system connected to
the internet. All you need is access to the internet and an e-mail program.
•
A Typical e-mail message has three basic
elements; header, message, and signature.
•
The header appears first and
typically includes the following information:
•
Subject: A one-line description, used to present
the topic of the message. Subject lines typically are displayed when a person
checks his or her mailbox.
•
Addresses: addresses of the persons sending (to: ),
receiving (from: ), and,
•
Optionally, anyone else who is to receive
copies (CC and BCC).
Email
•
Attachments:
•
Many e-mail programs allow you to attach
files such as documents and worksheets. If a message has an attachment, the
file name appears on the attachment line.
•
(b) The letter or message comes
next. It is typically, short and to the point.
•
(c) Finally, the signature line
provides additional information about the sender. Typically, this information
includes the sender’s name, address, and telephone number.
E-MAIL ADDRESSES
•
The Internet uses an addressing method
known as the Domain Name System (DNS) to assign names and numbers to people and
computers. This system divides an address into three parts: user name
(ID), domain name, and domain code. For example takiluki@zanlink.com: user ID is takiluki, domain
name is zanlink and com is the domain code which is commercial
•
The domain code identifies the geographical
description or organizational identification.
•
Almost all ISPs (Internet Service
Providers) and online service provides offer e-mail service to their customers.
But you can get this service for free from different service providers such as
Hotmail, USA Net Inc., and Yahoo.
•
To learn more about free e-mail service,
visit one or more of the following sites: http://www.hotmail.com,
http://www.usa.net, mail.yahoo.com
etc.
INSTANT MESSAGING
•
Like a chat groups, an instant
messaging allows one or more people to communicate via direct, “live”
communication. Instant messaging, however, provides greater control and
flexibility than chat groups.
•
To use instant messaging, you specify a
list of friends, or “buddies”, and register with an instant messaging server.
Whenever you connect to the internet, you use special software to tell your
messaging server that you are online too. It notifies you if any of your
buddies are online.
•
At the same time, it notifies your buddies
that you are online. You can then send messages back and forth to one another
instantly.
What are
social networking sites?
•
A way to meet people
•
A way to introduce
yourself to the world
•
A way to let the
world know how weird you are
•
A way for child
molesters to find prey
•
My Space
•
Facebook
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Linked-In
What’s a
Blog?
•
Short for Web Log,
a.k.a. a diary
•
News blog
•
Are you a baseball
fan?
–
see Curt Shilling’s
blog
•
Are you a Star Trek
fan?
–
See Will Wheaton’s
blog
–
My Wife’s blog, my
shop’s blog
•
What’s a
video-sharing site? Users post videos to share
•
Some sites offer pay
per download
•
YouTube debates
–
YouTube
•
Google Video
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